The MPM grid contains no permanent information about the continuum and is used only to assemble and solve the discretized governing equations. To avoid mesh distortion when the material undergoes large deformations, MPM combines a fixed Eulerian background grid and a set of Lagrangian point masses called material points. It originates from the fluid-dynamics-oriented particle-in-cell (PIC) method and is mainly based on a weak formulation of the momentum-balance equation. MPM has been successfully applied in the numerical simulation of complex engineering problems . The material-point method (MPM) is a numerical technique suited to model large deformations in continuum mechanics.
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